Sharing the structural design of the mechanical design industry 14 entry points诀çª
Learning mechanical, structural design, how many mistakes have to be experienced, how many detours have been passed, and constantly summing up experience, in order to design satisfactory products according to customer requirements, and even become the master of this line. Yes, experience is a valuable asset to our personal design path. Whether it is our own experience or the experience of others, we must not lose sight of it. Below, Xiaobian will share with you the design experience of designing old birds.
1 Imitate as a teacher, learn from imitation, and constantly improve
The usual design, 80-90% is to imitate and synthesize the existing technology. Make full use of the experience of others and past experience to make themselves serve themselves and make continuous progress.
2 are obsessed with design
Designers must have an aesthetic view, a stable view, and be able to distinguish between beauty and beauty, stability and instability. Secondly, the designer should set the mind for the user and experience it from the user's standpoint. Confidence comes from the fascination with design, obsessed with design like lover, and gives full energy and talent. This is the basis of confidence, and it is also the secret of conquering users and users. 
3 shapes and structures are generated by force
The machine products are all under load and designed according to the strength of the weakest part. The load condition is checked and the force analysis is the backing. (In the design of electronic equipment products: plastic parts are mainly checked by stiffness, and metal parts are mainly checked by strength)
4 drawings are more important than theory, and facts are more important than drawings
The designer must use the designed drawings to express the ideas. The drawings deal with the theoretical and engineering problems reasonably. This is the meaning of the drawings over the theory; the actual is the source of the designer, when he hears that he can not manufacture according to the drawings or the opinions of the users, Should be taken seriously, avoid rash.
5 can be used to understand more deeply
In-plant test is qualified, and problems will occur in actual use, because the conditions of the user site and the conditions of the manufacturer are different; the workers do not necessarily have mastered the operation essentials, and the maintenance is inconvenient. Therefore, the design should not only satisfy the original objectives and requirements, collect the situation at the use site, find various problems, improve the design, ensure the product quality, keep the production normal, reduce the cost, and reduce the consumption.
6 Do not blindly pursue high precision
Due to large errors in the assembly, it is not possible to assemble properly. It is often the source of wrangling and blaming between the processing workshop and the design department, so the designer narrows the tolerance. The cost of the product is increased by the geometric progression of accuracy, the designer's pen is slightly negligent, and the cost may rise straight. Several parts that match the accuracy may not fit, this is a dimensional chain problem. The adjustment position is left at a certain point of the dimensional chain, and the temporary processing after assembly can achieve the assembly purpose, and the precision is not necessarily set strictly. Designed to be reliable, easy to operate, easy to manufacture, and easy to maintain. To do this, you need to work hard and study hard, which is not a day's work.
7 use standard parts, general parts
The machinery manufacturing industry has become more and more specialized, and it is neither economical nor outdated to think about everything by its own factory. For a new product design, general parts and standard parts should be used as much as possible, which can shorten the production cycle, and also facilitate interchange and reduce costs. With the continuous development of industry, specialization will inevitably develop vigorously. Designers should understand the development of specialization and be familiar with the common parts, standard parts and other components that the market can provide for proper selection.
8 Avoid flashy, prevent self-restraint
The design's slickness and self-styledness are harmful to the design work. The former is easy to happen to young designers, while the latter is easy to come from old designers.
Ignore the constraints of reality, such as delivery time, cost, material supply, equipment capacity, processing and assembly, maintenance capabilities, etc., blindly design according to their own ideas, the hope of success is very small, the first-time designers have a newborn calf is not afraid The vitality of the tiger, I hope that I can fly in the wings and fly freely. This is good, it is sharp, it should be kept and carried forward, but we should face the reality, avoid flashy, avoid wasting energy and wasting time. Experienced people can't fall under the footsteps of past experience, so they don't have the courage to take risks and stop.
The technology is constantly improving, and the competition of products is constantly going on. It requires designers to constantly explore and constantly design good products. Things are changing. The past has been an obstacle to preventing progress. It may have become a condition that can be used. The key to preventing self-destruction lies in learning. This designer must keep in mind, live to be old, and learn to be old. The past experience is valuable, and it is valuable to use its own enterprising spirit to obtain. The enterprising spirit is the sword that stands in the forefront of the cause and the courage to go forward. The sword should always thank the light.
9 has three
As the saying goes: There are three. There is something wrong with the product, and it is not handled well. There are often three cases. When the problem arises, it is not subject to careful investigation and in-depth analysis, but subjective judgment and error handling, which will lead to problems again and again.
Design is the basis of production. The product has to undergo trial production to test the design and test all production preparations, so that the production goes smoothly. If the production changes frequently, the production cycle, product quality and manufacturing cost will be greatly affected, and the production changes. Due to the influence of the design, it is necessary to limit the design of the changes to a minimum, and the changes must be decisive, rapid and thorough. The problem should be prescient, and the accident should be eliminated. In summary, the problem can not be taken lightly, should not be sloppy, must find the root of the problem.
10 problems are easy to come out of neglected places
The experience of life and work reveals that faults and problems often arise in places that people have not thought of. Generally, after careful consideration, there will be no problems, such as mechanical strength calculations, always thinking about the safety of a certain part. I was afraid that it would go wrong, but it would not be a problem. It just raised the "alert" in the place that I didn't think of. After the analysis, I felt that the "alarm" was justified, and I ignored the analysis of the force there.
The reason for this is that it is negligent and arrogant. When we find weak links in the design, we must grasp it and solve it. This is an ability that needs to be cultivated. Advanced designers can generally do this. Every designer should keep meticulous, strict requirements and perseverance from the very beginning, and will be able to practice agile and neat skills over time.
11 inheritance is a shortcut to design
There are two types of design, one is a new design without experience, and the other is design using data or experience. The design is usually an inheritance design.
A drawing has to go through many tests. The more valuable the more tested the drawing, the record of the proprietary change on the drawing. It indicates the footprint of a part and even a product that has been passed through in practice. It can reflect such things as structure, material, size, Changes and problems in tolerances, machining, measurement assembly, testing, etc., are extremely valuable materials in the design. Those who care will certainly cherish this experience and use it effectively as experience and information for new product design.
12 late drawings equal to waste paper
Designers should pay special attention to the delivery time of the product. Why is the delivery date important?
(1) The manufacturer must make its own production schedule meet the requirements of the users as much as possible, and the product design is a pivotal part of the whole production process.
(2) The life cycle of products is shortening. In order to stay ahead, the speed of technology update should be accelerated.
(3) Whether the production has a rhythm has an impact on product quality and cost. The drawings are late, and there must be surprises in production, and the delivery is sloppy, especially the inspection and experimentation of the products before leaving the factory, which often causes unexpected problems in the products, causing dissatisfaction and distrust of users.
(4) The late drawing is the main reason for the contradiction between the physical object and the drawing. In order to catch up with the progress in production, it is inevitable that the drawings will not be processed.
In addition, design is different from other work. It is a kind of hypothetical and thought-provoking work. It does not necessarily follow the advance schedule. However, it must be carried out on schedule. This requires more preparation, more accumulation, and maintenance. For a thousand days, you should also take some measures to save design time, such as using white maps or size tables. Often new designs are shelved, and this is the result of missing the opportunity.
There is now an effective management method for designing plots or delivery dates for PERT (programeval_ruationandReviewTechnique), which should be mastered as soon as possible.
13 do not understand the place to stay the same
When designing a product, it is often necessary to refer to other products or materials from the factory. There are often some questions, such as: "Why should I design this way", or "Change it is better", etc., but after the change, it is not processing technology. Not good, it is easy to fail, it is already late.
The emergence of these problems is caused by lack of experience and insufficient information, and experience and information are not coming from, relying on accumulation. Anything that is suspicious to the imitation of the thing, but not sure of the problem, in order to prevent the painting tiger from becoming a counter-dog, it is best not to move it, and then study later. It is impossible for us to anticipate all the problems, so we must respect the experience accumulated by our predecessors.
14 effectively use the original design
If you want to modify the design of another person, you must first understand the ideas and principles of the design, do not make drastic changes, and do not rashly change the East and West, which is often self-defeating. Even more, if you don't get 20~35% benefit, don't change it.
With only 5 to 6% of the benefits, I am afraid I can only compensate for the money spent on design changes. Change the design, and also take into account the situation of finished products and semi-finished products, and make the best use of them. There are reasons to change the design change, but you should still think about the impact on the production after the change, and the new contradictions that may arise.
Sometimes the original design principle is found to be wrong, and it is not a complete change. At this time, the leader of the design has a great responsibility. It is to push it back or tolerate it. It is necessary to take a unified view of the overall situation.
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