How to make a simple electromagnetic top?
Many children have played with tops. They can be pumped with whips and launched with springs as power to drive them. Either way, they either need to be beaten continuously with a whip to replenish their energy, or after a few minutes, they become slower and slower, and eventually they stop.
We introduce here that the electromagnetic gyroscope made by you does not need to be beaten. Once it is turned, it will not stop turning. Below we introduce how to make it.
(1) The key component of this small production is a Hall IC AX277, which can also be replaced by similar integrated blocks such as 377 and 211. This integrated block can be removed from the used computer cooling fan. It has a total of 4 pins, with the worded side of the integrated block facing you, feet down, and the order from left to right is 1, 2, 3, 4. The function of each foot is shown in Figure 1.
(2) Second, make the main body of the electromagnetic gyroscope: prepare a plastic disc with a diameter of 50~70mm (discarded discs can be used). Place 6 strong permanent magnets with a diameter of 6mm and a height of 3mm (available in the electronics market) at equal intervals on the circumference of the disc. The N pole and S pole of the magnet should be staggered and then glued firmly with AB glue.
(3) Add a shaft to the center of the disc, which can be made of steel wire of about Φ1~2mm, such as a large sewing needle of appropriate thickness, but the tip of the sewing needle must be ground into a spherical surface. In this way, the top is made (Figure 2). When turning in the future, the side with the magnet should face down! My shaft was found in a waste optical drive, ha ha!
(4) The next step is to make the circuit part of the gyro: first prepare two E16-type plastic skeletons, each skeleton is wound with Φ0.1mm enameled wire with 1000 turns, and the two ends are led out with Φ0.5mm hard copper wire. The skeleton without E14 can also be made by hard cardboard, as shown in Figure 3.
(5) Prepare a 100×100mm2 hole board, which is the kind of printed circuit board used for experiments with many pads on it. Then use aluminum sheet to make a concave platform, which will be used as a support point for spinning top in the future (Figure 3-2). Glue it to the middle of the perforated plate with hot melt glue.
(6) Put the two coils on both sides of the concave platform, so that when the gyroscope rotates on the platform in the future, the coils will always face two permanent magnets with different magnetic poles.
(7) Solder the integrated block AX277 on the left side of the coil L1 so that the side without letters faces down. The height is aligned with the upper plane of the coil. The layout of the entire device is shown in Figure 4.
(8) Finally, connect the components according to Figure 5.
Now that the power is connected, twist the top with your hands and place it on the concave platform, as fast as possible...
what! The others have pretended to be successful, and their tops have been spinning very happily. Why can't my spinning be turned after a while?
Well, let me see! Such a simple circuit cannot be connected wrongly. Oh! Have you noticed the two black dots on the symbols of L1 and L2? That means that when they are energized, the polarity of the magnetic poles must be the same! Either the N pole is up, or the S pole is up. Otherwise, you have connected L1 and L2 backwards, L1 is connected to the second pin of AX277, and L2 is connected to the third pin.
Oh, all these points have been changed, please try again. Turn on the power and turn the top as soon as possible on the platform. Okay, this time it worked!
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