my country's robot ecological industry chain will be increasingly complete
Robots are "the pearl at the top of the manufacturing crown", and their R&D, manufacturing, and application are important symbols to measure a country's technological innovation and high-end manufacturing level. Recently, focusing on the topic of "robots and intelligent manufacturing", nearly 100 experts and scholars in the field shared the latest progress in robotics research at the third Yanzhao Science Forum hosted by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China.
"Embracing the age of robots within reach" became the theme of this forum, which conveyed the strong confidence of experts and scholars in the wider application of robotics technology. As the world's largest consumer market for industrial robots and the largest potential market for service robots, what are the trends and characteristics of my country's robotics innovation? Where is the development of the next generation of robotics technology? At the Yanzhao Science Forum, experts and scholars presented new achievements and published new views, which outlined the future of China's robotics technology development from different aspects.
1. Robot application scenarios are constantly enriched
Different from the vague concept of "robot" that people understand, robots are generally divided into three categories: industrial robots, service robots, and special robots. Among them, industrial robots are mainly engaged in welding, handling, palletizing, packaging, etc., while service robots provide services in education, medical care, logistics and other fields. The advantage of special robots is that they can work in high-risk environments such as emergency rescue.
During the forum, the "Key Technology Team of Robots in Extreme Environment Service" led by Professor Zhang Minglu from Hebei University of Technology presented its latest research results to the participating experts and scholars in the same industry -
A robot is firmly attached to the curved outer wall of the petrochemical storage tank, moving forward, backward, turning left and right, and its movements are very flexible. Afterwards, the robot raised its robotic arm and sprayed high-pressure water to clean a rusted wall of the storage tank.
With the increasing number of large ships and the large-scale construction of petrochemical storage tanks in my country, maintenance and construction operations such as rust removal, painting, and testing of ships and storage tanks have become increasingly stringent requirements for personal safety, low cost and high efficiency. In the past, domestic façade maintenance operations in this field were carried out by manual scaffolding, which was not only inefficient and costly, but also caused great harm to human health.
"After nearly two years of technical research, we have successfully developed a series of rust removal robots, by equipped with different types of robotic arms or operation modules to meet the needs of anti-corrosion inspection of large-scale curved outer walls such as ocean-going ships, chemical storage tanks, and wind power towers. The painting robot and related supporting equipment have realized the automatic rust removal, testing, painting and other operations on various working surfaces, which not only fills the gap in the application of robots in the field of domestic anti-corrosion operations, but also the technology has reached the international advanced level." Zhang Minglu said.
For example, the rust removal robot uses high-power high-pressure water nozzles to quickly remove the rusted surface of the storage tank in a large area, removing 30 to 35 square meters per hour, which is 8 to 10 times the efficiency of manual work; compared with manual work per hour The spraying area is only 400 square meters, and the spraying robot can spray an area of ​​1000 square meters per hour, with accurate positioning, uniform paint film thickness and high spray quality; and the inspection robot is like a "quality inspector", which can carry paint film thickness and steel plate. Thickness detection instrument, to detect the thickness of the steel plate of the storage tank, to ensure the construction quality.
In addition, the anti-corrosion operation robot also has core technologies such as magnetic adjustment, variable curvature wall adaptation, safety explosion-proof and advanced control. With these special robots, the staff can control the scene situation by remote operation in front of the computer screen, which is safe, environmentally friendly and efficient.
In recent years, my country's special robots have developed rapidly. Not long ago, the Chinese Institute of Electronics released the "2018 China Robot Industry Development Report", saying that the current special robots have been able to complete tasks such as positioning, navigation, obstacle avoidance, tracking, scene perception and recognition, and behavior prediction. .
But what makes people feel deeper is the "busy figure" of various service robots around them. Sweeping robots, early education robots, dancing robots, rehabilitation robots... Although they have different "looks", they are becoming more and more "smarter" with the help of the embedding of artificial intelligence technologies such as speech understanding and visual recognition, and their application scenarios are becoming more and more The more diverse it is, the more it has become a "fun companion" and "good helper" for modern people's home life.
Industrial robots are still the "protagonist" of the market. According to the data provided by the "2018 China Robot Industry Development Report", the global robot market in 2018 will reach 29.82 billion US dollars, of which industrial robots account for nearly 60%. Experts said that automobile manufacturing, metal product processing and electronics are the traditional application fields of industrial robots. In recent years, with the maturity of industrial robot technology and technology, its application is gradually extending to furniture, household appliances, hardware and bathroom, food and beverage and other fields.
2. The "IQ" of robots continues to improve
"Robot technology involves engineering materials, mechanical control, sensors, automation, computers, life sciences and other aspects. At present, the basic and cutting-edge technologies of robotics are developing rapidly, and related disciplines are accelerating the integration of mutual exchanges." Institute of Robotics, Harbin Institute of Technology Chief Zhao Jie said.
Many experts in the field believe that the future innovation trend of robotics will mainly focus on three aspects: human-robot collaboration, artificial intelligence and bionic structure.
SIASUN Robotic Automation Co., Ltd. is a well-known company in the domestic robot industry. Not long ago, its 7-DOF collaborative robot attracted attention. It has a smaller, lighter and more flexible structure, and also has functions such as traction teaching, vision guidance, and collision detection, making it possible for the robot to work in a production line with compact layout and high precision requirements.
In Zhao Jie's view, the application field of robots has gradually expanded from operational tasks such as handling, welding, and assembly to processing tasks. Therefore, human-machine collaboration is becoming one of the important directions of industrial robot research and development. He believes that human-robot collaboration can combine human cognitive ability with the efficiency of robots, so that humans can use robots more safely and easily.
At present, human beings are no longer satisfied with robots "dumbly" "obeying orders and obeying commands", and whether the services provided by them are "comfortable" and "satisfactory" is becoming a new criterion for consideration.
At this forum, Duan Xingguang, deputy director of the Institute of Intelligent Robots of Beijing Institute of Technology, introduced the latest research progress of medical robots in the school in detail.
"Surgical robots can be divided into three directions: active surgical robots based on path planning, passive surgical robots based on master-slave mode, and semi-active surgical robots based on human-robot collaboration." Duan Xingguang said, "Improving robot accuracy will It is the top priority of the development of surgical robots.â€
Guo Shijie, a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, has long been engaged in research on high-tech pension assistance and unrestrained health state monitoring. There are multiple studies in the lab to produce a finished product.
"We have made the RIBA series of nursing robots using flexible skin tactile sensors, which can carry people from chairs to sofas and toilets, and when they come into contact with people, the soft skin makes people feel very comfortable. Flexibility to prevent falls The power assist device is an exoskeleton robot that looks like a pair of pants. When the elderly wear it, they can get help when they lift their legs and walk, and can also prevent falls. The intelligent nursing bed can not only measure the user's heartbeat, breathing and other health conditions It can also adjust people's sleeping positions to avoid snoring and bedsores." Guo Shijie said.
Experts believe that the development of robots will inevitably go through an iterative process of "intelligence +". With the deep integration of artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies with robots, the "intelligence quotient" of robots will become higher and higher, and the "machine" will be truly realized. A major shift towards "robots".
3. Develop core parts technology
In the huge space, hundreds of "mechanical arms" swayed back and forth, working quickly in a random pattern. Such scenes can be seen everywhere in many manufacturing agglomeration areas along the eastern coast of my country.
Data shows that my country's robot market has entered a period of rapid growth. Among them, the industrial robot market has become the world's largest application market for six consecutive years, accounting for about 1/3 of the global market. With the adjustment of my country's population structure and rising labor costs, my country's demand for industrial robots will continue to grow at a relatively high rate, and it is expected to account for half of the global robot market in the future.
Experts said that the upstream of the robot industry is the core components, the midstream is the robot body, and the downstream is the system integrator, while most domestic enterprises are concentrated in the downstream link.
"At present, my country's three core components of industrial robots, the controller, servo motor, and reducer, are the main bottlenecks restricting the robot industry." Zhao Jie said.
According to experts, the controller is like the brain of a robot, which can issue and transmit action commands, mainly including hardware and software: hardware is an industrial control board, including some main control units, signal processing parts and other circuits, and domestic brands have mastered it; The software is mainly control algorithm, secondary development, etc., domestic brands still have gaps in stability, response speed, ease of use and so on.
Servo motors are used as execution units in robots and are the main factors affecting the performance of robots. Servo motors are mainly divided into stepper, AC and DC. The most used in the robot industry is AC servo, which accounts for about 65% of servo motors and controllers. The competition in this field is very fierce, and the independent supporting capabilities of domestic servo systems are constantly improving, but they still face huge challenges.
In this regard, experts suggest that the support for the robot industry should not only focus on the complete robot products, but also increase the research and development and industrialization support for the core components of the robot and manufacturing and processing equipment.
"The development of the robot industry should not be greedy and perfect. Some local governments or parks should pay attention to guidance, combine local industrial characteristics and market demand, and deploy the robot industry in a targeted manner, so as to achieve a benign interaction between industrial development and market demand, rather than just looking at what is hot. What to do." Zhao Jie said.
As my country's robot research and development and industrial development gradually become more rational, in this case, the robot industry market will face a process of survival of the fittest, and a group of scientific and technological enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and strength will have more obvious advantages. By further strengthening the systematic top-level design, my country's robot ecological industry chain will become increasingly complete.
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