Jiang Fengyi: Need to solve the silicon technology to do LED chip technology
GaN LEDs on silicon substrates, according to current efficiency and cost projections, will be divided into three phases: by 2010 will reach 90 ~ 100lm / W, the average 1W chip cost is about 1 yuan; will reach by 2015 120~140lm/W, the average 1W chip cost will drop to 1/2 in 2010; by 2020 it will reach 160~200lm/W, and the average 1W chip cost will drop to 1/3 in 2010. Until then, if you replace the 60W incandescent lamp with LED, the price of the chip is about 1.5 yuan. Of course, this has a premise that the development of a light-emitting structure that slows down the DROOP effect is a common problem to be solved by any of the substrate epitaxial gallium nitride LEDs.
At present, the efficiency of white-based power LEDs for white light is generally 70-80 lm/W, and the mass-produced chips are mainly blue-green optical chips of 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm. No high-efficiency silicon substrate LEDs have been found. There is a physical bottleneck. From the microscopic analysis, the recent international first-class epitaxial material dislocation density TDD is about 6×108cm -2 , and our silicon substrate LED is also in this range; from a macro perspective, silicon substrate LED performance at high current density stable.
From the current level, the silicon substrate semiconductor lighting technology route needs to overcome several key technologies, including 6-inch MOCVD equipment manufacturing technology, 6-inch epitaxial material growth technology (light-emitting structure that slows down the DROOP effect), and 6-inch chip manufacturing technology.
On-Grid Inverter converts DC power to AC power for feeding back to the grid. The frequency of the output voltage of the grid-connected inverter needs to be the same as the grid frequency (50 or 60Hz), which is generally achieved by the oscillator in the machine, and the output voltage will also be limited not to exceed the grid voltage. Modern high-quality grid-connected inverters can have an output power factor of 1, which means that the output voltage and current phases are the same, and the phase difference between them and the grid voltage is within 1 degree. There is a microprocessor in the inverter that can sense the AC waveform of the grid, and according to this waveform, generate voltage and send it back to the grid. However, the electricity sent back to the grid needs to have a certain proportion of reactive power, so that the power of the nearby grid is within the allowable limit. noon) its voltage may rise too high.
If the power of the grid is cut off, the grid-connected inverter needs to be disconnected from the grid quickly. This is a regulation of the National Electrical Code (NEC) in the United States to ensure that when the grid is out of power, the grid-connected inverter will not provide power to the grid, and at this time the workers who maintain the grid will not be electrocuted.
Properly configured, grid-tie inverters allow a home to use alternative energy sources that it generates itself (such as solar or wind power) without cumbersome wiring and without the need for batteries. If there is insufficient alternative energy, the insufficient part will still be provided by electricity from the grid.
Grid-connected inverters are widely used in household photovoltaic power generation systems, commercial and industrial photovoltaic power plants and other scenarios. By connecting to the grid, they help to achieve efficient use of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions, promoting sustainable development and popularization of clean energy.
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