Not long ago, the high-temperature superconducting energy storage system independently developed by China Electric Power Research Institute realized grid-connected power compensation in the power system dynamic model laboratory of State Grid Corporation. This indicates that China has made a staged breakthrough in the application technology of high-temperature superconducting energy storage systems, and at the same time aroused people's attention to superconducting technology and equipment.
Superconducting energy storage research
According to the relevant research and development personnel, the success of this experiment shows that China has mastered the key technologies of the second-generation high-temperature superconducting energy storage system unit structure, integration, control, protection and transmission and distribution engineering applications. In the first stage, the research, experimental demonstration operation, system analysis and evaluation of superconducting force application technology have laid a solid foundation. Previously, China Electric Power Research Institute also undertook the subject of “Study on the key technologies of the second generation of high-temperature superconducting energy storage unitsâ€.
High-temperature superconducting energy storage system is an energy storage system that can realize electric energy-electric energy conversion. It can store electromagnetic energy directly, without resistance loss, without energy conversion during power transmission, with fast reaction speed, high power density and high efficiency. The advantages of real-time large-capacity energy exchange and power compensation with the power system play an important role in improving the power quality, power supply reliability and dynamic stability of the power grid.
In addition, the power scale and energy storage scale of the superconducting energy storage system can be made very large, and has the advantages of high system efficiency, simple technology, no rotating mechanical parts, and no dynamic sealing problems. Superconducting energy storage technology has a positive role in the transient quality management of transmission/distribution systems, improving transient power quality, grid transient stability, and emergency power accident response, and thus has broad application prospects.
Analysts at Great Wall Securities believe that superconducting energy storage is one of the research directions of smart grid technology, but due to the constraints of reliability and economy, commercial applications are still far away. At present, the energy storage methods of domestic wind power and photovoltaic energy storage projects are mainly based on lithium batteries, assisting in the storage of energy by sodium-sulfur batteries and liquid-flow batteries.
Industrialization of superconducting gas equipment
Tang Xiaobin, a joint researcher at Huatai, said that superconductivity has now entered the stage of industrialization. High-temperature superconducting materials and low-temperature superconducting materials are inconsistent. It is expected that superconducting current limiters, superconducting filters and superconducting energy storage technologies in high-temperature superconductors will be the first to be applied. The technology used in nuclear super-conductivity (MRI) and controlled nuclear fusion magnetic field coil (ITER) in low-temperature superconductors has also matured, but the market is small.
Tang Xiaobin believes that, first, the superconducting current limiter can limit the short-circuit current and protect the power grid when the power grid is short-circuited. It is conservatively expected that Guangdong Power Grid will have 60 substation short-circuit currents exceeding the designed safety standards in 2015. The same problem occurs in power load areas such as East China. Compared with other methods of limiting short-circuit current, the superconducting current limiting device has the advantages of not changing the original design and equipment, and greatly reducing the operating energy consumption. He calculated that compared with the 500kV air core reactor, the superconducting current limiter will save electricity costs of 2 million yuan per year, saving the original equipment transformation investment of more than 5 million yuan. It is estimated that the market for superconducting current limiters is 60 billion yuan.
Second, the superconducting filter is an important means for static expansion of mobile communication base stations. It increases the coverage area of ​​mobile communication base stations by a factor of two, while reducing the call drop rate by more than 50%. Superconducting filtering is a mature technology. The United States is currently equipped with 6,000 superconducting filters. The superconducting filters currently produced in China are mainly used in military radar and military communications. For civil use, Unicom has installed superconducting filters in pilot base stations in Beijing and Tangshan, which have been successfully operated for more than 4 years. With the large increase in the amount of mobile communication data transmission, the superconducting filter must enter the mobile communication base station. The market for conservatively estimated superconducting filters is 37.5 billion yuan.
Third, superconducting energy storage is mainly used to solve the grid connection problem of wind power and photovoltaic power generation systems. Superconducting energy storage has a fast response speed and can quickly receive/discharge energy according to the power supply discharge condition. At present, the China Electric Power Research Institute (300215 shares, market, information, main trading) funded by the State Grid has passed the acceptance of the "Second-generation high-temperature superconducting energy storage unit constitutes a key technology research" project. In the United States and Japan, there have been more than 10 applications for superconducting energy storage. Since superconducting energy storage is mainly used to regulate power quality, it is not inconsistent with large-scale energy storage means such as pumped storage.
The first and second generations of high temperature superconducting materials each have advantages. In terms of cost, the current first generation cost is one-third of the second generation, but the second generation has the potential to fall below the first generation. In terms of application fields, except for the second generation of superconducting machines, the two materials in other application fields are basically the same.
Industrialization is the key
In fact, the application of superconducting technology is not limited to energy storage systems. A certain degree of development has also been made in superconducting cables and superconducting current limiters. In general, superconducting gas equipment minimizes losses and achieves efficient use of electrical energy.
In April this year, China's first superconducting substation, which can greatly improve the reliability and safety of power grids, was built and operated safely in Baiyin City, Gansu Province. The substation integrates a variety of new superconducting devices such as superconducting energy storage systems, superconducting current limiters, superconducting transformers and three-phase AC high temperature superconducting cables.
Some experts believe that it takes a long time for superconducting technology to truly realize industrialization. However, the industry also has different views. Tang Xiaobin believes that superconducting technology has entered the stage of industrialization. It is expected that superconducting current limiters, superconducting filters, and superconducting energy storage in high temperature superconductors will be the first to be applied.
High-temperature superconducting cables are also an important aspect of the application of superconducting technology in the power sector. It adopts high-temperature superconducting material with unobstructed and high current density as current-carrying conductor, which has the advantages of large current carrying capacity, low loss and small volume. The transmission capacity of superconducting cable with the same cross-sectional area will be 3~5 times higher than that of conventional cable. The Joule heat loss of the cable body is very small. Although it has a certain loss in the AC operating state, as long as the superconducting cable exceeds a certain length, even if the low-temperature cooling and the power consumption required by the terminal are taken into account, the transmission loss will be reduced by 50% to 70% compared with the conventional cable. %.
Some experts have calculated that the transmission loss of China's power grid accounts for about 7% of the power generation capacity. If all superconducting cables are used, the transmission loss of the power grid can be reduced to less than about 3.5%, and the benefits are obvious.
Three major problems to be solved
Some experts told reporters that the current conventional electrical equipment and power systems have their own limitations, which has stimulated the industry's testing and research and development of superconducting gas equipment.
According to reports, the development trend of China's power system is that the capacity of the power system is getting larger and larger, and the power grid is developing in a super-large scale. As the capacity and scale of the power grid continue to expand, the short-circuit capacity of the power system is increasing, which poses a great threat to the safe and stable operation of the power system. Currently, there are no effective current limiting devices in the transmission system. Starting from the structure and operation of the grid to reduce the short-circuit current, its cost is very expensive. Superconducting gas equipment has significant advantages in this regard.
Some insiders pointed out that the efficiency of conventional power systems is limited by basic conductive materials such as copper and aluminum. It is very difficult to further reduce the power consumption of conductive materials. As China's electricity demand increases, the total loss of the network will further increase. This also requires superconducting technology to break through this limitation.
In addition, conventional electrical equipment covers a large area, while densely populated large and medium-sized cities are load centers. As the demand for electrical energy continues to grow, so does the demand for grid construction. The contradiction between urban land use and power supply difficulties also requires superconducting technology to crack.
At present, there are many research institutes in the country that have made great achievements in superconducting power technology and achieved gratifying achievements.
For example, superconducting cables have been developed since the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, and various types of high-temperature superconducting cables have been developed. Prototypes have been developed for various types of superconducting gas equipment, and some products have entered the demonstration test operation phase. However, according to the reporter, there are still some problems to be solved in the application and industrialization of superconducting power technology.
Experts from the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that the application and industrialization of superconducting force technology faces three problems: First, the critical temperature of superconducting materials needs to be improved; second, the price of superconducting materials is still relatively high, and some are higher. Conventional materials are several tens of times higher and hundreds of times higher. Third, the preparation of cryogenic refrigeration systems applied by superconducting technology is still complicated, and the maintenance-free life of refrigerators is short. At the same time, the low-temperature high-voltage insulation technology, real-time detection technology, integration technology, and the coordinated operation of the conventional system with superconducting gas equipment also need further research.
Superconducting industry "10 times ten years"
The "12th Five-Year" development plan for China's new materials industry is still on the occasion of soliciting opinions, and the superconducting industry, which is known as "ten times ten times", has already rushed.
On May 27 this year, 29 projects including Suzhou Liding New Materials Co., Ltd. started and opened collectively at the celebration ceremony of the 17th anniversary of the development and construction of the park held in Suzhou Industrial Park. Suzhou Liding New Materials Co., Ltd. is the first company in China to develop the second generation of superconducting wire.
Not only Suzhou Liding New Materials Co., Ltd., in mid-May, Shaanxi Western Superconducting Materials Co., Ltd. and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences signed a cooperation framework agreement, which opened the localization process of special superconducting wires. In addition, the State Grid is preparing to build a demonstration project of high temperature superconducting cable with a length of about 1 km and 110 kV, which is planned to be completed in 2012.
Behind the various parties' layout of the superconducting industry, it is to look at the vast market of the industry.
The development of the national smart grid brings substantial demand for superconducting materials. Huatai United's research report shows that in the next decade, with the superconducting applications in China's power grid and non-grid markets, the market size will exceed 200 billion yuan. The “12th Five-Year†development plan for the new materials industry shows that China's new materials industry currently accounts for 15% of GDP, and it is expected that the growth rate will remain above 20% in the next five years.
According to data from the international superconducting industry, in 2010, the global superconducting technology industry output value of about 7.5 billion US dollars, is expected to reach 75 billion US dollars by 2020, that is, the superconducting industry is expected to usher in " Ten times ten years of rapid growth.
At the time when the superconducting industry landed, the reporter learned that the “12th Five-Year†development plan for the new materials industry that is seeking opinions clearly stated that the key industries of the new materials industry include aerospace, energy resources, transportation, major equipment, etc. Carbon fiber, semiconductor materials, superalloy materials, superconducting materials, high-performance rare earth materials, nano materials, etc., which are urgently needed in the field.
It is worth mentioning that the development plan proposes that more policy support will be given to key industries, including industrial funds, fiscal interest subsidies, credit support, etc., which will speed up the development of new materials industries including superconducting. wing.Shaded Pole Motor,Capacitor Motor Yc Series,Capacitor Motor Tl61,Shaded Pole Ac Motor
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