Black fly must be banned! Drone hit passenger aircraft simulation: results too horrible

From mid-April to the end of April, nearly 10 intrusions occurred at Chengdu Airport, all of which were caused by drone violations taking off near the airport. One of the worst incidents caused the 58 flights to drop off, numerous flights were delayed, more than 10,000 passengers were stranded, and the economic loss reached millions. This unprecedented concentration of airport incursions is also the reason for this, once again pushing the issue of black flying of drones to the cusp of the air.

However, when the drone takes off, there is a certain height and distance between the plane and the aircraft. Why is it so scared that the plane sees no one at all? Let's discuss this issue with everyone today.

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The interference of drones to aircraft is mainly two dimensions. One is signal interference and the other is the risk of collision. Let's talk about signal interference first.

Signal interference is the killer during the take-off and landing phase of an aircraft

The take-off and landing phases of the aircraft are known as black 10 minutes, which is 3 minutes in the take-off phase and 7 minutes in the landing phase.

According to research, 80% of aircraft accidents are in this dark 10 minutes, so safety during this time is the most important part of the entire flight. However, during the take-off and landing phases, many of the flight control systems, automatic navigation systems, automatic drive systems, landing gear, and communication equipment on the aircraft may be interfered with by other wireless signals, causing system misjudgment to become a disaster. This is why we are forced to shut down mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices with communication capabilities during the take-off and landing phases.

Accidents are most likely to occur during the takeoff and landing phases of an aircraft

The aircraft will rely on the auto-navigation system during the take-off and landing phases. The auto-navigation system also needs a relatively pure electromagnetic environment. Once it is disturbed, it is likely to receive the wrong signal and produce wrong countermeasures.

For example, the disruption of the communications link between the aircraft and the tower due to signal interference may be only a disturbance and interruption, and may also cause the track of the aircraft to shift. Because the flight speed of the aircraft itself is very fast, there is a high probability that an accident such as a collision with a tower or other building will occur. The consequences are very serious.

UAVs rely on radio technology to achieve positioning, remote control, image transmission and other functions

At present, all civil drones need to use radio technology to achieve positioning, remote control, image transmission and other functions. The communication frequency band that the drone flies is basically 2.4G or 900M, 5.8G too; And all communication frequency bands of the airport are basically fixed, or the frequency range of the regulation is limited and protected. It stands to reason that there will be no conflict, and everyone will feel that there will be no interference problem, but who can guarantee it?

In addition, civil drones (such as Dajiang’s Genie 3, Genie 4, and Wu) have only eight channels of default image transmission. Many people will forcibly break the original restrictions in order to be able to avoid interruption of image transmission. Up to 32 channels (although there are tutorials on the Internet, but Big C advises drone players not to do these things), it is very likely that the wireless signals of drones will interfere with and interfere with the wireless signals of civil aviation. If the drone happens to fly near the airport, the possibility of a disaster will be high.

Of course, the current electronic equipment, especially the facilities on the aircraft, are very precise, and they have very good protection and anti-jamming. If UAVs can interfere with aircraft wireless signals, it is definitely a small accidental accident, but you Can you say that because the probability is extremely small, do not take measures? Is it dangerous to detect that drones will take off and land as usual? In the event of an accident, it will be a big matter of tens to hundreds of lives.

Therefore, we see that each time a drone intrudes into the airport, all flights in the sky will temporarily reserve other airports, and flights within the airport will be temporarily suspended. The "dark flight" behavior of small drones and flying hands, It will cause numerous economic losses.

Drone's second threat to the aircraft: impact

Throughout the years of civil aviation development, the number of flights and the number of routes have increased rapidly. The flight path above our head space is already as complicated as the roads in our lives, especially in large cities. The layout of the fairway, the flight sequence of the flights, the flight time, etc., have been a big headache for aviation management practitioners. Now we have to worry about new threats to the aircraft: drone strikes.

Bird strikes cause a lot of aircraft accidents every year

Before the advent of drones, the aircraft’s most feared object in the air was the bird, the accident that we often heard of flying birds that struck the plane. According to statistics from foreign authoritative organizations, the number of incidents of flying birds hitting planes worldwide can reach 10,000 every year. The figures are truly shocking. Since 1960, at least 78 civil aircraft have been lost and 201 people have been killed in the world due to the impact of the bird crash. At the same time, 250 military aircraft have been lost and 120 pilots have been killed.

According to studies of well-known foreign universities, about 3% of accidents caused by flying birds cause damage to aircraft, and the chance of causing direct damage to humans is very small. If there is a major accident, it is because the plane suffered a collective impact from the flock. Since 1989, in the aircraft of the Civil Aviation of China, out of every 100,000 takeoffs and landings, there have been about 2.7 flight accidents with flying birds. It seems to be a very small probability, but in the event of a serious accident, the loss cannot be estimated.

Now that the problem of flying birds has not been solved properly, drones have come quietly and the threat to the aircraft has risen to new heights. The flying height of a drone is similar to that of birds, but its speed is far greater than that of birds. Even with a small toy drone, the damage caused by a collision with a passenger aircraft is higher than that of a bird. Although birds vary in size, they are mainly composed of skin and bone. The drone is made of solid plastic, metal structure, battery and other elements. The increase in hardness and sturdiness will cause the impact to exceed that of birds after the impact.

Simulated drone impact experiment (aircraft radome has been torn)

How much is the destructive power of a drone hitting an airplane? Previously, Cranfield University professors and their team conducted relevant experiments. They ejected an object of the same size, weight, and material as the drone to a stationary aircraft radome. The ejection speed can reach 321 kilometers per hour, which is similar to the speed of the aircraft flying at low altitude.

Through experiments, it can be seen that the radome after the drone impact is easily torn open a gap. In the same environment and speed, the simulated bird device was bounced back by the radome and only hit a pit. This experiment shows that at the same speed, drones are more destructive due to their material and solidity advantages.

So what if it is different speed? When an object collides with a fuselage, the degree of damage is directly proportional to the relative speed of the two, because the kinetic energy released during a collision is proportional to the square of the velocity. In reality, whether it is a bird or a drone, the relative speed between the aircraft and the aircraft is greater, and the greater the destructive power is.

After the bird hits the engine

The current passenger aircraft is mainly designed for jet turbine engines. If drones hit the engine? On this issue, the relative speed is no longer within the scope of discussion, and the degree of damage is determined by the current power level of the aircraft engine (ie, the speed of the turbine blades).

A previous researcher introduced two incidents in which birds were sucked into the engine. The first is that a bird with a weight of one kilogram was sucked into a high-speed engine and the spiral blade was broken; the second was a bird with a weight of two kilograms sucked into the engine, but the engine was running. The power is low, so it was only slightly damaged. The drone's volume weight is similar to that of a large bird, so its destructive power is similar.

In addition, there will be lithium-ion batteries on the drone. If the battery enters the combustion chamber of the engine, the internal substances will be ignited, resulting in disastrous consequences. If it is hit on the windshield, it will cause a great deal of damage, and may even be a casualty.

In the current accident of birds and drones destroying aircraft fuselage and engine, although most of the accidents did not cause serious damage, the maintenance cycle will be very long and the cost will be huge.

Of course, drones are not the only threats after birds. Kongming lamps, kites, and so on are also new threats to aircraft. After all, the radars of aircrafts cannot accurately detect these objects and their locations, so they cannot Take precautions remotely. When the pilot saw these objects through the meat, the distance was very close and the danger was very close.

According to statistics from foreign websites, between 2014 and 2016, the number of dangerous accidents and collisions between UAVs and large passenger aircraft reached a total of 24, including 1 in 2014, 9 in 2015, and 13 in 2016. After coming to 2017, the number of related incidents in just 4 months is close to the sum of previous data. These incidents have already seriously threatened civil aviation and flight safety, and the amount of losses caused by the aircraft's preparedness and delay was also beyond imagination.

When drones invaded the airport, they returned to the old-fashioned black fly problem. The prevention of black fly has achieved certain results in recent years, but it is far from enough. Nowadays, Dajiang, the leading company in the industry, has already issued its own voice. The greater prevention of black flight and stricter black flight penalties are just around the corner.

Prevention of drone black fly

For the problem of preventing black flying of drones, it can be divided into four dimensions for analysis: detailed specification, real name monitoring, technical restrictions and advance education.

1, should continue to increase penalties, detailed specifications

As early as 2013, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the Provisional Regulations for the Management of Drivers of Civil Aircraft UAVs Piloted by Drivers, requiring flying out of line-of-sight (distances exceeding 500 meters or heights exceeding 120 meters) or driving weights greater than 7 Kilogram drone operators need to hold a "license." In 2015, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and other countries, as well as our country's Shanghai, once again increased their regulatory efforts.

Drone punishment should refer to drunk driving

In 2016, the Air Traffic Control Administration Office of the Civil Aviation Administration issued the “Administrative Measures for Air Traffic Management of Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems”. Article 10 of the Civil Aviation Administration stipulates that civil unmanned aircraft should be designated as separate airspaces for their flight. Range and time of use. Civilian aircraft unmanned aerial vehicles may be temporarily assigned isolated airspace within the airspace used by civil aviation. However, in areas with densely populated areas, densely populated areas, key areas, and areas surrounding busy airports, there is, in principle, no civilian unmanned aircraft flight area. Faced with the problem of dark flying dangerous drones, the rules and regulations have been refined again. However, due to the lack of penalties, the Black Flying problem has not been properly resolved.

In response to this problem, the public announcement issued by the Ministry of Public Security in early 2017 on the public solicitation of opinions on the "Public Security Administration Punishment Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised Public Consultation Draft)" involves the issue of drone black fly: flying drones and power at low altitudes. Umbrellas, Delta Wings and other general aviation aircraft, aviation sports equipment, or lifted unmanned free balloons, mooring balloons and other objects to be lifted, placed in detention for more than 5 days and less than 10 days; if the circumstances are severe, they are more than 10 days and 15 days. Following detention.

In the face of such penalties, there is still no way to control the problem of black flying. In the month of April this year, several drone airport incursions occurred. Should we recommend that relevant departments continue to increase penalties?

2, real-name system for the sale of drones, after-sales monitoring

In this part of the real-name system for sale, the industry leading big brother Dajiang, which holds 90% of the market share, has the most say. For example, a car has already done one person one car and one brand early. Why can't a drone do it? Each drone product of Dajiang has a unique SN identification code, and each component also has a unique identification code, which corresponds to the SN code. Buying a drone can imitate the process of buying a car. It binds the SN code to the buyer's personal details so that one person can match one machine and one machine. After the problem occurs, the person in charge can be found.

Monitoring drone

In the monitoring part, Dajiang cooperates with the company Chihiro. It has achieved remarkable results in many aspects such as monitoring and precise positioning. As long as the driver and user of the drone only need to turn on the remote controller and connect the mobile communication network, they can broadcast the unique SN code, location information, etc. of the machine. Chihiro's location can directly monitor and locate the specific coordinate of the UAV through the server. If it is verified that it belongs to the prohibited area, Chihiro's location can notify Dajiang and the police to arrest it. Of course, priority must be given to the purchase based on the real-name system of one person, one machine and one yard of drone. Otherwise, even if the position of the drone is verified, there is no personal information on how to arrest it.

However, the drone brand that can currently be tested is mainly Dajiang. Big C suggests that relevant departments should urge all drone manufacturers to cooperate with real-name purchase and post-testing, so that the drone industry can get back on track. It is currently rumored that some of the invaders of Chengdu Airport drones have not been caught yet. The main reason is that their drone products may not be manufactured in Dajiang, so verification is very difficult.

3. Technically limit the drone

If drones are completely halted due to the problem of black fly at home and abroad, small drone companies will lose a maximum amount of investment funds, but DJI will face huge losses. Therefore, as the leader of the industry, DJI naturally will actively solve problems from the technical end. At present, drones on the market are equipped with GPS or BeiDou satellite positioning modules, so that drones can locate their own positions and heights in real time. From a technical point of view, the coordinates of the major airports in the world can be pre-installed in the drones, and then the drones can be prevented from taking off or flying near these coordinate areas.

Dajiang’s UAV pre-installed no-fly zone solution

The method given by DJI is to center the center of each runway of the airport with a radius of up to 4.5 km, delimit the elliptical area and set it as a no-fly zone. Then expand the area is set to limit the flight area. Later on the runway, two fan-shaped areas are also used as restricted flight areas, because the take-off and landing of the aircraft will use these two areas. The area coordinates of these restrictions are pre-installed inside the drone, so that the flying robots fly black in the restricted flight and no-fly zones. The drones themselves may not perform takeoff orders or may not enter restricted flight and no-fly zones. DJI’s approach can significantly improve the drone’s invasion of the airport and the threat to civil aviation aircraft. It is hoped that other companies in the industry can follow suit.

4, intensify efforts to regulate and train drone pilots

In fact, whether it is the laws and regulations, or the technical limitations of the manufacturers, or the supervision of the relevant departments, the problem of black flying finally occurs to a small number of drivers. Without these "love" black flying drivers, the problem will not be so serious. The training of UAV pilots and safety education issues must also be taken seriously.

But when I think about it, isn't the driver of the black flying drone really aware of safety? the answer is negative. People who can buy drones have more or less certain safety awareness and related knowledge bases, but they still have the fluke to perform black flying operations, which is due to quality problems and family environment. What we need to do is to intensify efforts to regulate the pilots of all drones and intensify efforts to train them. If all rely on the driver's awareness, Big C thinks that the drone industry will be even more chaotic.

It's time to kill a hundred

Drones are a new industry, but the speed of development has shocked many traditional industries. The combination of military, commercial, agricultural, and civilian use is also much faster than other industries. We don't comment on the military part, but the commercial, agricultural and civilian sectors have already depended on drones to some extent.

We have seen the use of lens finder for large-scale film and television dramas, corporate video shoots, broadcasts of events, well-known photographers' travel documentary films and even wedding photographs that have been widely applied to drone products. Drones have brought us a completely different perspective and a new sense of shocking images, but there is one thing that is hindering or even killing the industry, that is, flying.

The problem of BlackFly has already existed from the beginning of drone products to individual users. Numerous airports around the world have been deeply invaded and harassed by drones. In fact, it is not just invading the airport. Black flying drones also bring threats and accidents in many other aspects. Black-flying drones will be placed on densely populated urban streets and areas as well as in industrial areas. Once an operational crash occurs, it will surely cause a disaster. Not alarmist, because accidents involving crashing of drones are common, and there are even cases of injury to people, cars, public facilities, and so on.

Black fly has caused more and more areas that are not flying

Since the development of drones, the use of the drone has been very extensive and the industry prospects are favorable. But why do a few people fail to follow the rules? Be sure to fly into the darkness. For example, the Chengdu airport suddenly encountered several black drone invasions of drones in a short period of time, resulting in large-scale flight delays and drop-offs. The economic losses are very serious. Passengers, airport staff, and airlines all complain. It is the problem of black flying that has caused many large cities and important areas to be forced to ban flying drones. The vast majority of regular drone pilots have also been forced to enjoy aerial photography.

Therefore, it is time to kill one hundred.

In fact, the initial stages of the establishment of any new industry will be more confusing. Even if the regulations are followed up, they will not be able to avoid the few people who are short of loopholes. If there isn't a big effort to rectify, those drone drivers who are accustomed to black flying will not realize the mistakes and continue to enjoy the "fun" of the black fly. Only by grasping a few typical examples, such as this time several black fly pilots of Chengdu, carry on the rectification with the intensity, the high degree of exposure, can be able to play the deterrent effect, the improvement present situation of the black fly.

It is hoped that relevant departments can intensify the investigation and supervision, and seek justice for the regular drone drivers and enthusiasts, and help the industry to develop in the right direction.

Black fly is not right but the methods of civil organizations are not desirable

In the face of policy imperfections and the rampant black-flying drivers, many countries have set up "non-UAVs" civil society organizations. Unlike military agencies, civilian organizations do not have professional and expensive equipment. Therefore, the defense measures and active attack methods brought about by them are not so effective.

"Sniper" drone signal jammer

In the previous year, there had been a U.S. "Anti-UAV" non-governmental organization "gun" some unmanned drones at the Boston Marathon. However, to be honest, although this approach has solved the “public anger”, the practice itself is illegal, after all, it infringes other people’s personal belongings. Therefore, the methods of civil organizations are not desirable. We should not follow suit.

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