How are the 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers differentiating

Microcontrollers (Microcontrollers) are integrated circuit chips that use a VLSI technology to provide central processing unit (CPU) with data processing capabilities, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), various I/O ports and interrupt systems, and timers. Functions such as counters/counters (which may also include display driver circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, A/D converters, etc.) are integrated into a single chip to form a small and complete microcomputer system in the industry. Wide application in the field of control. From the 80s of the last century, from the then 4-digit, 8-bit microcontroller, to the current 300M high-speed microcontroller.

1. Mainstream MCU includes CPU, 4KB RAM, 128KB ROM, 2 16-bit timer/counter, 4 8-bit parallel ports, full-duplex serial port, ADC/DAC, SPI, I2C, ISP, IAP .

2, the system structure is simple, easy to use, to achieve modularity;

3, SCM high reliability, can work to 10 ^ 6 ~ 10 ^ 7 hours without failure;

4, processing capabilities, speed.

5, low voltage, low power consumption, easy to produce portable products

6, strong control function

7, strong environmental adaptability.

The 4-bit microcomputer is simple in structure and inexpensive, and is very suitable for controlling a single small electronic product, such as an input device (mouse, joystick), a battery charger, a remote controller, an electronic toy, and a small household appliance for a PC.

8-bit microcontroller is currently the most abundant variety, the most widely used microcontroller, at present, 8-bit microcontroller is mainly divided into 51 series and non-51 series microcontroller. The 51 series single-chip microcomputers can be called a "prestige machine" with its typical structure, numerous logic bit operation functions, and a rich instruction system.

16-bit microcontroller operating speed and data throughput capabilities in the performance than the 8-bit machine has greatly improved. At present, more applications include TI's MSP430 series, Sunplus SPCE061A series, Motorola's 68HC16 series, and Intel's MCS-96/196 series.

Compared with the 51 MCU, 32-bit MCU operating speed and features improved significantly, with the development of technology and the decline in prices, will be in line with the 8-bit MCU. 32-bit microcontrollers are mainly developed by ARM. Therefore, referring to 32-bit microcontrollers, generally refer to ARM microcontrollers. Strictly speaking, ARM is not a microcontroller, but a 32-bit processor core, the actual use of the ARM chip has many models, common ARM chips are Philips's LPC2000 series, Samsung's S3C/S3F/S3P series.

8-bit microcontroller data bus width of 8-bit, usually can only handle 8-bit data directly; 16-bit microcontroller data bus width is 16-bit, usually can directly handle 8-bit or 16-bit data.

The most essential difference is that the internal CPU has a different word length. That is, the maximum number of bits processed by the CPU is different. There are differences between 8-bit and 16-bit CPUs. You can think of the ALU and the word length of the register. Some 32-bit DSP chips have an external interface data bus that is 16-bit, and judging from this is not acceptable.

There is a difference in speed depending on the CPU and the word length of the register. 8-bit microcontroller can not directly deal with 16-bit data, to be processed in accordance with 8-bit data, to be completed in several processes. The 16-bit microcomputer can process 16 data directly, because its ALU, registers, etc. are 16-bit, can complete the 8-bit microcontroller to complete the multi-step action, especially for data processing, 16-bit microcontroller has its advantages . And 16-bit microcontrollers mostly have 16-bit data interfaces.

Simply put, 16-bit is faster than 8-bit, 8-bit MCU development time is long, and the price is low. The most important thing is that it can be used for development tasks in many applications. 16-bit microcontrollers are much more powerful than 8-bit devices and are used only when needed.

The difference between the two is best reflected in the calculations. For example, 400+500 for 8-bit single-chip microcomputer to do two 8-bit addition and integration (2^8=2568 bit microcontroller data processing can only be a maximum of 255), and 16-bit microcontroller can be as long as once because 2 ^16=65536400 and 500 are both much smaller than this number.

Nowadays, the application of single-chip microcomputers has become more and more widely used in the fields of updating home appliances and market development. For example, in electronic toys or advanced video game machines, single-chip microcomputers are used to implement their control functions; while washing machines can use a single-chip microcomputer to recognize the types and types of clothes. Pollution degree, so as to automatically select washing intensity and washing time; using SCM control in the freezer refrigerator can identify the type of food and freshness, and automatic selection of refrigerating temperature and refrigerating time; microwave oven can also identify food type through SCM to automatically determine the heating The temperature and heating time, etc., these household appliances in the application of SCM technology, whether it is performance or function, compared with traditional technology have made great progress.

Modern medical conditions are more and more developed, and people are paying more and more attention to medical sterilization and disinfection technology. However, the sterilization and sterilization equipment of small hospitals and small clinics in some remote areas is still very simple and cannot effectively control the quality of disinfection. With the development of the single-chip microcomputer technology, its features of small size, powerful function, flexible expansion, and convenient application are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, in medical ventilators, analyzers and monitors, ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, and bed call systems And other devices have been widely used.

In fact, the earliest SCMs began to rise from the industrial field. So far, their application in the field of industrial control is still very extensive. The use of SCM technology constitutes a variety of data acquisition systems and intelligent control systems, such as the intelligent management and intelligence of the factory assembly line. Elevators, alarm systems, and so on, are all two-stage control systems that are networked via a single-chip microcomputer technology and a computer.

The single-chip microcomputer has the characteristics of high integration, small size, strong control function and extended flexibility, and has high processing speed and high reliability, so its application in the field of intelligent instrumentation is also very extensive. To a certain extent, SCM brings about a revolution in traditional measurement and control instrumentation technology, and realizes the digitization, intelligence, integration, and multi-functionalization of instrumentation technology through microcontroller technology, as well as traditional electronic circuits or digits. Compared with circuits, its functions are more powerful and comprehensive.

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