Permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker working principle and its use method - Database & Sql Blog Articles

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It is understood that the operating mechanism of the circuit breaker is the first to use the electromagnetic mechanism, and then improved to the spring mechanism. The circuit breaker products currently used in the power market are still mainly spring mechanisms. However, in recent years, the birth and continuous promotion of a new technology-based operating mechanism is gradually reducing the failure rate of the circuit breaker, and the reliability and durability are greatly improved. It is a permanent magnet mechanism.

The permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker uses a new high-reliability permanent magnet operating structure. This kind of structure works only one main moving part, no mechanical disengagement, locking device, less fault source, high reliability, long service life, generally more than 100,000 times, can control the phase of the closing and closing at the same time, realize synchronization Control, thereby reducing the impact of overvoltage and inrush current on the system and improving the overall life of the system.

In fact, like other power equipment, permanent magnet vacuum circuit breakers first entered China from abroad. As early as the end of the 1990s, vacuum circuit breakers with permanent magnets were introduced to China. Vacuum circuit breakers were originally developed by the United Kingdom and the United States, and subsequently developed into other countries such as Japan, Germany and the former Soviet Union. China began to study the theory of vacuum circuit breakers in 1959, and officially produced various types of vacuum circuit breakers in the early 1970s. The continuous innovation and improvement of vacuum interrupter, operating mechanism, insulation level and other manufacturing technologies have made the development of vacuum circuit breakers extremely rapid, and have achieved a series of major achievements in large-capacity, miniaturization, intelligence and reliability research. The vacuum circuit breaker has the advantages of good arc extinguishing characteristics, suitable for frequent operation, long electrical life, high operational reliability and long maintenance period. In today's power urban and rural power grid transformation, chemical, metallurgy, railway electrification and mining industries Has been widely used. From the past ZN1-ZN5 several varieties to dozens of models and varieties, the rated current reaches 4000A, the breaking current reaches 5OKA, even 63kA, and the voltage reaches 35kV. The ZW32-12 permanent magnet vacuum recloser consists of a uniquely designed permanent magnet mechanism and a highly reliable MGK intelligent controller. The device is mainly used in the medium-voltage overhead line power grid, and is used for dividing and combining load current, overload current and short-circuit current, and has 0~3 times automatic reclosing. According to the current operating mechanism of the 0.6-35kV vacuum circuit breaker used in China, the spring mechanism and the electromagnetic mechanism are present. In view of the fact that there are many components in the spring mechanism, the manufacturing process is complicated, the operation is easy to cause mechanical failure, and the electromagnetic mechanism has a large driving power. The contact force is small and the contact jump is easily caused when the switch is closed, which seriously affects the performance and reliability of the vacuum circuit breaker. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the spring mechanism and the electromagnetic mechanism, the reliability, safety and service life of the 6-35kV series vacuum circuit breaker are improved, and the driving power is reduced. MDS series 0.6-35Kv permanent magnet mechanism vacuum circuit breaker has the characteristics of high reliability, simple structure, safety, long service life, low driving power and high cost performance, which can meet the requirements of safe and stable operation of power grid. The permanent magnet mechanism is a permanent magnet holding and electronically controlled electromagnetic operating mechanism for a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker. Compared with the conventional spring mechanism and electromagnetic mechanism used in the circuit breaker, the permanent magnet mechanism adopts a completely new working principle. And structure, the main moving parts are few during work, no need for mechanism removal, locking device, less fault source, high reliability, so it has become a hot spot for switch manufacturing enterprises and power grid enterprises and high-tech heavy industry enterprises. Market prospects. Overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional spring mechanism and electromagnetic mechanism, the permanent magnet is applied to the operating mechanism, so that the holding and closing position of the vacuum circuit breaker is realized by the permanent magnet, replacing the traditional locking device. The magnetic mechanism has a permanent magnet and an opening and closing control coil. The characteristics of this mechanism are: (1) The permanent magnet is combined with the opening and closing control coils to solve the problem of requiring high power energy when closing. (2) The moving contact of the vacuum interrupter is held by the arm and the insulating rod through the arm and the insulating rod to replace the traditional mechanical locking method. The mechanical structure is greatly simplified. There are several moving parts, the total number of parts is about 50, the consumption is small, energy saving and low cost. (3) The operating mechanism does not require mechanical locks and auxiliary electrical appliances, and the reliability of the mechanical action is greatly improved, which can realize maintenance-free and save maintenance costs. (4) The vacuum circuit breaker adopts a permanent magnet operating mechanism. The permanent magnet force can ensure that it does not disappear in 100 years. The life of the mechanism is up to 100,000 times. The electromagnetic force is used for the opening and closing operation, and the bistable state is maintained by the permanent magnet force, which simplifies. The drive chain reduces energy consumption and noise.

Strong breaking ability, safe and reliable. Mechanical life is at least three times higher than conventional spring and electromagnetic mechanisms. (5) Adopt advanced vacuum interrupter, rated current is 630A-3150A, rated short-circuit breaking current is 31.5kA-40kA, and the technical performance reaches the world leading level. (6) The circuit breaker mechanism is simple and the layout is reasonable. The vacuum interrupter is installed longitudinally in the insulation cylinder to maintain high creep resistance and insulation performance even in harsh environments. This product has no explosion, no pollution, low noise, light weight, and long life. Vacuum circuit breakers are increasingly used in the power industry as switching elements for controlling and distributing electrical energy. Improve the reliability, safety and service life of the 6-35kV series vacuum circuit breaker. With the improvement of the degree of social science and technology, the power industry and the majority of end users have higher and higher requirements on the performance of switchgear. At present, 6-35Kv series permanent magnet mechanism vacuum circuit breakers have been widely used as medium voltage circuit breakers in developed countries. Domestically, permanent magnet vacuum circuit breakers have been imported, and financial and human resources have been invested in related research and development. Some international Well-known companies (such as AAB, Mitsubishi, and Toshiba) have begun selling their products. Because the permanent magnet mechanism vacuum circuit breaker has the outstanding advantages of high reliability, long life and maintenance-free, it is believed that the 6-35kV series permanent magnet mechanism vacuum circuit breaker will gradually replace the traditional electromagnetic mechanism and spring mechanism circuit breaker. The characteristics of the permanent magnet operating mechanism: (1) The bistable mechanism design is adopted. This magnetic mechanism has a permanent magnet and an opening and closing control coil. When the closing control coil is energized, it moves the moving core downward and is held in the closing position by the permanent magnet. When the opening control coil is energized, the moving iron core moves in the opposite direction, and is also held by the permanent magnet in the other working position, that is, the opening position. Permanent magnet locks are used for both closing and opening positions. (2) The up and down movement of the moving iron core, through the arm, the insulating rod acts on the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter to achieve closing or opening. (3) The double coils respectively control the opening and closing operations. That is, the opening is controlled by the opening coil, and the closing is controlled by the closing coil. Improve the reliability of the organization. (4) New magnetic circuit design. Increase the holding force of the closing and opening, and reduce the coil current requirement for the closing and opening. (5) Solve the problem of closing bounce. Design soft joints, contact-assisted compression springs and polycarbonate molded casings to solve the problem of closing bounce. (6) Control the first open phase arcing time, so that the first open phase arcing time is controlled at 1ms. (7) Solve the problem of opening and closing. In the design, the moving contact pressure spring is added to ensure that the moving contact does not rebound when the brake is opened. (8) Guarantee the synchronism of three-phase operation. Design the lower base linkage shaft of the operating mechanism. It ensures the synchronism of the three-phase simultaneous closing operation. At the same time, this linkage axis can be used to realize auxiliary functions such as blocking. (9) The magnetic control switch is used as the auxiliary contact. The auxiliary contact is mounted on the linkage shaft. It does not need mechanical components. It is simple and reliable. The equipment has high insulation level, simple structure, strong breaking capacity, large breaking current and long service life. It has the characteristics of no explosion, no pollution, low noise, light weight, and maintenance-free. MDS series 0.6-35kV permanent magnet mechanism vacuum circuit breaker has the advantages of long life, high reliability, strong breaking capacity, large breaking current, small volume, light weight, simple structure and maintenance-free. Therefore, it can be used as the main switching equipment of 220kV, 110kV, 35kV substation, power plant and 10kV substation and power distribution system of heavy industry such as coal and metallurgy. The permanent magnet mechanism adopts a new working principle and structure. When working, there is only one main moving part, no need for mechanism removal and locking device, and fewer fault sources. Compared with the traditional spring mechanism and electromagnetic mechanism, the permanent magnet mechanism has higher reliability. Therefore, it has become a hot spot for switch manufacturers and power grid companies.