There are still many controversies in my country’s electricity market, starting conditions and other issues

The relevant department of the National Energy Administration, the relevant person in charge of the Southern Energy Regulatory Bureau, the person in charge of the relevant department of the Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wang Xifan, the professor of Tsinghua University and other power system experts, the power dispatching agency, the electric power More than 130 people, including relevant principals of trading organizations, power grid companies, and representatives of major power companies and power users, gathered in Dongguan to demonstrate the Southern (starting with Guangdong) power market operating rules system to be released for comment, and discuss the market under the spot market environment Risk prevention and control and market supervision work together to provide suggestions for the orderly advancement of the Guangdong power spot market.

The southern power market operation rules system (starting from Guangdong) includes 8 implementation rules including the basic rules of Guangdong power market operation and medium and long-term transactions, spot power market transactions, frequency modulation auxiliary service market transactions, and market settlement. Participating representatives put forward their opinions and suggestions on the rule system, market risk prevention and control, and market supervision based on the power resource endowment of the southern region and the actual development of Guangdong's power industry and economic society. After the meeting, the Southern Energy Regulatory Bureau will demonstrate the views of all parties, learn from others, and incorporate them into the drafting of the rules. According to reports, the southern electricity spot market trading rules (starting with Guangdong) will soon be solicited for public opinions, and will be the first electricity spot market trading rules issued by my country at that time.

The state requires that “start the spot trading pilot before the end of 2018; fully launch the spot trading market in 2020”, and has launched the spot market pilot work in the South (starting with Guangdong), Mengxi, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Shandong, Fujian, Sichuan, and Gansu. At present, the pilot areas are actively preparing for the preparation of pilot programs and rules. The spot pilot work is about to start, but there are still many controversies among all sectors of society on the spot market model selection and starting conditions.

1. The model of the spot market

From international experience, there are mainly two modes in the spot power market. Mode 1: Medium and long-term transactions adopt physical bilateral contracts, and the remaining part of the electricity is involved in spot transactions. European countries such as the United Kingdom, Northern Europe, and Germany generally use this model. The characteristics of this model are that the market rules are relatively simple, and the risk of market price fluctuations is relatively small. However, medium and long-term physical transactions cannot reflect short-term price signals. The role of the competition mechanism is relatively limited. At this stage, there are difficulties in scheduling and implementing mid- and long-term physical transaction checks. . Mode 2: Medium- and long-term transactions adopt bilateral CFDs (power generation companies and consumers sign CFDs, and the contract specifies the reference electricity price and electricity. If the spot market price is lower than the reference price specified in the contract, consumers will pay the power generation company for the shortfall. On the contrary, the power generation company returns the excess income. The physical quantity in the CFD is not binding and does not need to be enforced.) All power generation companies participate in spot transactions, such as the United States, Australia and other countries adopt this model. The characteristics of this model are that market competition is fierce, prices fully reflect the information of immediate supply and demand changes in the market, resource allocation efficiency is higher, but market rules are complex. When the spot market is not yet complete, price fluctuations, safe operation of the power grid, and user power consumption Risks such as security are relatively high.

At present, the construction of my country's electricity market is in its infancy. Electricity transactions are mainly planned, and there are some large users' direct transactions. In contrast, the use of some electricity spot models is easier to connect with existing models, reduces reform risks, and is suitable for large market forces. Or provinces with tight supply and demand and a low proportion of planned electricity deregulation. For provinces with a high proportion of new energy, small market power, loose supply and demand, and high maturity of the market environment, the full power spot model can be explored. In addition, in order to realize the evolution to a unified national power market in the future, the core rules of the provincial spot markets need to be unified at the beginning.

2. Conditions for the start of the spot market

Constrained by the security of power grids and the technical characteristics of power sources, the operating mechanism and trading methods of the spot market are relatively complex, and adequate preparations are required in advance. From international experience, the operation of spot markets such as the California ISO and other spot markets are based on solid preliminary work (the construction of the ISO in California and the ERCOT spot market in Texas took more than 3 years). From the perspective of my country's actual situation, to achieve the reform goals and tasks that will be launched before the end of 2018 and fully launched in 2020, we are facing greater challenges and urgently need to make the following preparations:

The first is to enhance the market awareness of market entities and enhance their initiative to participate in the market; the second is to formulate market rules and consolidate the institutional foundation; the third is to establish and improve relevant market technical support systems, including unit combination technology, load forecasting technology, clearing algorithm, Power decomposition technology, settlement and clearing technology, unified unit call technology, etc., to speed up project application; fourth is to strengthen the hardware foundation on the power generation and user side, for example, relying on the transformation of the company's marketing system to promote power generation and users to collect 96 points of data every day Acquisition conditions.

Question 2: How to break the barriers between provinces

At present, the problem of barriers between provinces in my country’s power trading is prominent. It is mainly manifested in the following: First, local governments strictly control the purchase of electricity from outside the province. Especially after the economy has entered a new normal, some provinces require that in addition to the national mandatory planned electricity, it is prohibited to send electricity to outside the province. Purchase electricity. The second is administrative intervention in inter-provincial transaction prices. Some recipient provinces lower the transaction price, and some send-end provinces raise the transaction price, which makes it difficult for both parties to negotiate and conclude the transaction.

The key to breaking the barriers between provinces is to give full play to the role of the market mechanism, reduce administrative intervention by local governments, and promote a large-scale optimization of power resources. Specific measures include: First, liberalize inter-provincial power generation and use plans and expand inter-provincial market-oriented trading space. Different types of planned electricity can be released in different ways. For example, the matching power delivery transaction can be carried out according to the proportion of the recipient's provincial electricity consumption plan; the inter-governmental framework agreement and the historical solidification of the electricity transaction can continue to implement the negotiation results; point Multi-network clean energy transactions can be divided according to a fixed ratio. The second is to promote market participants to participate in transactions. Further liberalize user options and allow users to participate in inter-provincial power purchases. By organizing inter-provincial power generation rights transactions, inter-provincial ancillary service transactions, etc., an incentive mechanism on the generation side has been established to compensate the generating units whose interests have been damaged. The third is to promote the government to accept inter-provincial power transmission and reception. Establish an inter-provincial transaction benefit compensation mechanism, and the dividends generated by the inter-provincial transaction will be distributed by the sending and receiving provinces through negotiation (or according to a mandatory proportion) to compensate the receiving province for losses.

Question 3: How to promote the large-scale consumption of new energy in the market environment

Improving the market mechanism, especially the spot market transaction mechanism, is a key measure to promote the consumption of new energy. Considering the progress of power market construction, the participation of new energy in the market needs to distinguish between the short-term and medium- and long-term phases.

Recently, as the spot market has just started, new energy can continue to implement full guaranteed purchases in the province, and the provinces mainly adopt medium and long-term transactions, and surplus renewable energy power can participate in the incremental spot transactions between provinces. Medium- and long-term transactions of new energy between provinces can include: First, direct transactions of new energy between provinces. Let users and power sellers have their power to purchase electricity outside the province. The capacity of transmission channels other than the priority power generation arrangement will be fully liberalized to market players, and users will conduct direct transactions through bilateral negotiations and centralized bidding. The second is the transaction of power generation rights. Organize clean energy companies in the sending area and conventional energy companies in the receiving area to carry out power generation rights transactions, and expand the power generation rights transactions between provinces. The third is replacement transactions. Encourage provinces with complementary load and power generation characteristics to carry out power generation replacement transactions. At the same time, in order to make full use of the inter-regional inter-province power transmission channel capacity and promote the full consumption of renewable energy, the State Grid Corporation of China explored and carried out inter-regional inter-provincial spot trading of surplus renewable energy power, that is, when the transmission-end grid regulation resources have been exhausted , Under the condition that all kinds of delivery plans and transactions are implemented, renewable energy still has ample power generation capacity, and the amount of water, wind, and photovoltaic energy that is expected to be generated can participate in inter-provincial spot transactions.

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