High voltage circuit breaker type
1. According to the arc extinguishing device, the arc extinguishing medium can be divided into:
(1) Oil circuit breaker (less oil circuit breaker and more oil circuit breaker);
(2) Air circuit breaker;
(3) Magnetic blower circuit breaker;
(4) Vacuum circuit breaker;
(5) Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker;
2. According to the nature of the operating mechanism, it can be divided into:
(1) Electrically operated structure circuit breaker;
(2) Hydraulically operated structure circuit breaker;
(3) Pneumatically operated circuit breaker;
(4) Spring energy storage operating structure circuit breaker;
(5) Manually operate the structural circuit breaker;
3. According to the installation location, it can be divided into:
(1) Indoor circuit breaker;
(2) Outdoor circuit breaker;
(3) Explosion-proof circuit breaker;
Four common high-voltage circuit breakers1. Oil circuit breaker
The oil circuit breaker uses insulating oil as the arc extinguishing medium. It can be divided into more oil circuit breakers and less oil circuit breakers. In a multi-oil circuit breaker, oil is not only used as an arc extinguishing medium, but also as an insulating medium, so it uses a lot of oil and has a large volume. In the low-oil circuit breaker, oil is only used as the arc extinguishing medium, so the oil consumption is small, the volume is small, and the steel consumption is small.
2. Air circuit breaker
Air circuit breakers use compressed air as the arc extinguishing medium, which is fireproof, explosion-proof, non-toxic, non-corrosive and easy to access. The air circuit breaker belongs to the other energy type circuit breaker. It is cooled by the compressed air blowing the arc. When the arc reaches zero, the ions in the arc are quickly blown away or recombined to realize the arc extinguishing. Air circuit breakers have strong breaking capacity and short breaking time, but their structure is complex, process requirements are high, and non-ferrous metals are consumed. Therefore, air circuit breakers are generally used in power systems of 110 kV and above.
3. Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker
SF6 circuit breakers use SF6 gas with excellent arc extinguishing capacity and insulation capacity as the arc extinguishing medium, which has the advantages of strong breaking capacity, fast action, and small size, but it consumes a lot of metal and is more expensive. In recent years, SF6 circuit breakers have developed rapidly and have been widely used in high-voltage and ultra-high voltage systems. In particular, enclosed combined electrical appliances with SF6 circuit breakers as the main body are an important development direction for high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage electrical appliances.
4. Vacuum circuit breaker
The vacuum circuit breaker extinguishes the arc in a high vacuum. The arc in the vacuum is formed in the metal vapor evaporated from the electrode when the contacts are separated. The ions and electrons in the arc rapidly diffuse into the surrounding space. When the arc current reaches zero and the number of particles between the contacts disappeared due to diffusion exceeds the number generated, the arc cannot be maintained and extinguished. The vacuum circuit breaker has strong breaking capacity, short breaking time, small size, small occupied area, no noise, no pollution, long service life, frequent operation, and long maintenance period. Vacuum circuit breakers have gradually been widely used in my country's power distribution system.
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