How does Apple's mobile gyroscope work, and what are the similarities and differences between it and mechanical gyroscope?
Now, when we turn on the security test hardware of the rabbit, we often find that there is something called a gyro sensor in the sensor column. This thing is mainly used to detect the posture of the mobile phone on the mobile phone. We can't play it with the somatosensory game. Some anti-shake when the mobile phone is photographed should also be used. However, the origin of this seemingly popular thing is actually very tall. What is it? Let's take a look.
Gyro invention
Now the gyro sensor in the phone has evolved into a small chip, but when the gyroscope appears, it is indeed a mechanical device.
Mechanical Gyroscope At present, it is widely believed that in 1850, French physicist J. Foucault invented the gyroscope in order to study the Earth's rotation. The gyroscope of that era can be understood as placing a high-speed rotating gyro on a gimbal, so that because the gyro remains stable at high speeds, one can identify the direction through the direction of the gyro, determine the attitude, and calculate the angular velocity.
The universal bracket can guarantee that the gyro will not fall anyway, and the universal bracket can be traced back to the incense burner thousands of years ago in China.
After the invention of the early gyroscope gyroscope, it was first used in navigation (the aircraft was not invented in the same year) and was later used in aviation. Because the plane flies in the air, it can't identify the direction with the naked eye like the ground, and the direction of the flight can't see the danger is extremely high, so the gyroscope is quickly applied and becomes the core of the flight instrument.
In the Second World War, all countries were fighting to create new weapons, and the Germans engaged in missiles to bomb the United Kingdom. This is the prototype of today's missiles. From Germany to the United Kingdom, how can thousands of miles fly so that the missile can fly, but also to the target?
Thus, the Germans came up with an inertial guidance system. The inertial guidance system uses the gyroscope to determine the direction and angular velocity, the accelerometer to test the acceleration, and then through mathematical calculations, you can calculate the distance and route of the missile flight, and then control the flight attitude, and strive to let the missile fall to where you want to go.
During the Second World War, the computer was good, the instrument was good, and the precision was not enough. So the German missiles were very different. I wanted to blow up London. The result was that the bombs were everywhere, which made the British panic for a while.
However, since then, the inertial guidance system with the gyroscope as the core has been widely used in aerospace. Today, there are still such things in the missile, and with the stimulation of demand, the gyroscope is constantly evolving.
At present, traditional mechanical gyroscopes are being eliminated, laser gyros are used in places where high precision is required, and MEMS gyroscopes are popular.
Because microelectromechanical gyroscopes (MEMS) are microelectronics products that are developing rapidly and at a lower cost, they are becoming more widely used. Because of the dynamic requirements of our smartphones, we have used MEMS.
The ubiquitous gyroscope The gyroscope was originally a tall one, but because of the emergence of microelectromechanical gyroscopes (MEMS), low-cost gyroscopes can be used in many fields.
Since the introduction of the iPhone 4, the three-axis gyroscope has attracted everyone's attention. However, the gyroscope is not widely used in mobile phones. It is now used in various somatosensory games, large games, and extended applications and gestures developed by manufacturers. Features, etc. The game is often used in the first-view shooting game, as well as in flying and sports games. As the phone swings up and down and left and right, the camera also swings, just like the mobile phone in the hand becomes a sight. There is no gyroscope model.
In addition to the smart phones we are familiar with, many MEMS gyroscopes are used in cars. In high-end cars, about 25 to 40 MEMS sensors are used to detect the working status of different parts of the car, and to provide information to the driving computer. Users have better control over the car.
In the navigation application, since the network and GPS can now achieve navigation effects more accurately, if there is a gyroscope, the yaw can be used to measure the yaw or linear motion of the car when there is no GPS signal in the tunnel or tall buildings. Displacement to maintain the accuracy of navigation. In addition, in theory, the gyroscope can play a certain anti-shake effect in photographing and imaging, and certainly cannot be compared with the optical anti-shake lens.
In drones, wearable devices, the Internet of Things, and even the now popular industry 4.0, Internet +, it is also inseparable from it. As long as it is necessary to detect the state of motion, there is a microelectromechanical gyroscope (MEMS).
165 years ago, Leon Foucault invented the gyroscope for scientific research. Today, this little thing has changed our lives. Without it, there are no planes, no rockets, no modern life, which is probably not invented by his inventors. A small gyroscope makes our world a better place.
Principle of gyroscope
The principle of the gyroscope is that the direction indicated by the rotating axis of a rotating object does not change when it is not affected by external force. According to this principle, people use it to maintain the direction, and what is made is called a gyroscope. The gyroscope should give it a force when it is working, so that it can rotate quickly. It can reach hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute and can work for a long time. The direction indicated by the axis is then read in a number of ways and the data signal is automatically transmitted to the control system.
In real life, the feed motion of the gyroscope occurs under the action of gravity moment.
Gyro application
Gyro instruments were first used for navigational navigation, but with the development of science and technology, it has also been widely used in aviation and aerospace. The gyro instrument can be used not only as an indicator, but more importantly as a sensitive component in an automatic control system, as a signal sensor. Gyro instruments can provide accurate signals such as azimuth, level, position, velocity and acceleration, as needed, so that the driver or the autopilot can be used to control aircraft, ships or space shuttles to fly on a certain route. In the guidance of navigation vehicles such as satellite carriers or space-detecting rockets, these signals are directly used to complete the attitude control and orbit control of the vehicle. As a stabilizer, the gyro instrument enables the train to travel on a single track, which can reduce the sway of the ship in the wind and waves, and can stabilize the camera mounted on the aircraft or satellite relative to the ground. As a precision test instrument, gyroscopes provide accurate azimuth references for surface facilities, mine tunnels, underground railways, oil drilling, and missile silos. It can be seen that the application range of gyroscopic instruments is quite extensive, and it plays an important role in modern defense construction and national economic construction.
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